Sains Malaysiana 53(10)(2024): 3465-3477

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5310-19

A lncRNA Transcriptome Analysis of Phycocyanin-Treated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer A549 Cell Lines

(Analisis Transkriptom lncRNA bagi Titisan Sel A549 Bukan Sel Kecil Kanser Paru-Paru yang Dirawat Fikosianin)

BOXIONG WU, HAOZHE CHENG, XINRAN LI, WENJING ZHANG, QIANCHENG LI & SHUAI HAO*

Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China

Diserahkan: 16 April 2024/Diterima: 14 Ogos 2024

Abstract

Phycocyanin is a type of marine food additive with multiple biological properties, including anticancer activity, but its underlying antineoplastic mechanism in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. To investigate the underlying regulatory mechanism of phycocyanin in NSCLC, a lncRNA microarray analysis was performed using a phycocyanin-treated A549 cell model. The classification and expression of lncRNAs were determined. The profiles of differentially expressed lncRNAs were generated and analyzed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses. The results showed that 193 lncRNAs were upregulated and 116 lncRNAs were downregulated in the phycocyanin-treated group compared with the control group, and qRT‒PCR analysis confirmed the expression of selected lncRNAs. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the differentially expressed lncRNAs and their target genes were enriched in the extracellular region, epithelium development, NOD-like receptor pathway, Notch signaling, and apoptosis process. In addition, coexpression network analysis identified 2,238 lncRNA‒mRNA, lncRNA‒lncRNA, and mRNA‒mRNA pairs. In particular, 72 etc. differentially expressed lncRNA target genes were discovered in the interaction network, which provides insights into the potential mechanism of phycocyanin in A549 cells. Moreover, cell phenotype experiments showed that downregulating the expression of lncRNA ENST00000538717, a lncRNA that is downregulated after phycocyanin treatment, could significantly inhibit the migration and viability of A549 and H460 cells. In conclusion, this study lays a theoretical and potential foundation for NSCLC treatment and advances our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of phycocyanin.

Keywords: A549 cells; anticancer; lncRNA; non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); phycocyanin

Abstrak

Fikosianin ialah sejenis bahan tambahan makanan laut dengan pelbagai sifat biologi, termasuk aktiviti antikanser, tetapi mekanisme antineoplastik asasnya dalam kanser paru-paru bukan-sel kecil (NSCLC) masih tidak jelas. Untuk mengkaji mekanisme pengawalseliaan asas fikosianin dalam NSCLC, analisis tatasusunan mikro lncRNA dilakukan menggunakan model sel A549 yang dirawat fikosianin. Pengelasan dan pengekspresan lncRNA telah ditentukan. Profil lncRNA yang dinyatakan secara berbeza dijana dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genom (KEGG) dan Gene Ontology (GO). Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa 193 lncRNA telah dikawal dan 116 lncRNA telah dikurangkan dalam kumpulan yang dirawat fikosianin berbanding dengan kumpulan kawalan dan analisis qRT‒PCR mengesahkan ekspresi lncRNA terpilih. Analisis bioinformatik menunjukkan bahawa lncRNA yang dinyatakan secara berbeza dan gen sasarannya diperkaya di kawasan ekstrasel, pembangunan epitelium, laluan reseptor seperti NOD, isyarat Notch dan proses apoptosis. Di samping itu, analisis rangkaian ekspresi bersama mengenal pasti 2,238 pasangan lncRNA‒mRNA, lncRNA‒lncRNA dan mRNA‒mRNA. Khususnya, 72 dsb. gen sasaran lncRNA yang dinyatakan secara berbeza ditemui dalam rangkaian interaksi yang memberikan gambaran tentang mekanisme potensi fikosianin dalam sel A549. Selain itu, kajian fenotip sel menunjukkan bahawa perencatan pengawalaturan ekspresi lncRNA ENST00000538717, lncRNA yang mengalami perencatan pengawalaturan selepas rawatan fikosianin, boleh menghalang penghijrahan dan keviabelan sel A549 dan H460 dengan ketara. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini meletakkan asas teori dan potensi rawatan NSCLC dan meningkatkan pemahaman kita tentang mekanisme pengawalseliaan oleh fikosianin.

Kata kunci: Antikanser; fikosianin; lncRNA; kanser paru-paru bukan-sel kecil (NSCLC); sel A549

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: haoshuai@btbu.edu.cn